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<title>面对三个不良习惯的对策</title>
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<description><![CDATA[儿童博客网论坛：面对三个不良习惯的对策]]></description>
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<title>造就高智商儿童的八大因素(转)</title>
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<description><![CDATA[<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 150%; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>普通的小孩子生来虽有种种不同之点，然大抵是相仿佛的。饿则哭，喜则笑；见好吃好看的东西就伸手拿来，见好玩好弄的东西就伸手去玩。然何以到后来有的会怕狗怕猫，有的敢骑牛骑马；有的身体强健，有的身体孱弱；有的意志坚决，有的意志柔弱；有的知识丰富，有的知识缺乏；有的专顾自己，有的体恤别人；有的多愁病，有的多喜乐；有的成为优秀公民，有的变为社会败类</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>?</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>推其原因，不外先天禀赋之优劣与后天环境及教育之好坏而己。若从小受了良好的家庭教育，虽生来怕狗猫，到大来也敢骑牛马的；虽生来不甚强壮，到大来也会健康的。若家庭教育不好，小孩子本来不怕动物，大来会怕的，本来身体强健的，大来会瘦弱的。至于知识之丰富与否，思想之发展与否，良好习惯之养成与否，家庭教育实应负完全的责任。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> </span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>然家庭教育必须根据儿童的心理始能行之得当。若不明儿童的心理而妄施以教育，那教</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> </span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>育必定没有成效可言的。所以我略略地把儿童心理述之如下，以资施行家庭教育者之参考。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = &quot;urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office&quot; /><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　一、小孩子好游戏的</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>小孩子可以说是生来好动的。二三个月的婴儿就能在床上不停地敲手踢脚，独自玩耍。到了五六个月的时候，看见东西就要来抓，抓住了就要放进嘴里去。到了再大一点，他就要这里推推，那里拉拉，不停的运动了，一等到会爬会走，那他的动作更加复杂了。忽而立，忽而坐；忽而这样，忽而那样；忽而爬到那里，忽而走到这里。假使我们成人象他那样活动两个钟头，那一定疲乏不堪了。到了三四岁的时候，他的游戏动作比前还要繁多而他的游戏方法也与从前不同了。从前他只能把椅子推来推去，现在他要把椅子抬来抬去，当花轿了；从前他只能把棒头敲敲作声以取乐，现在他要拿着棒当枪放了。到了八九岁的时候，他的身体比从前更加强健得多了，精神也非常充足了，知识也渐渐丰富了，因此他的游戏动作也就与前不同了。此时他喜欢玩各种竞争游戏了；什么放风筝，踢毽子；什么斗蟋蟀，拍皮球；什么打棒头，捉迷藏他都能够玩了。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>总起来说，小孩子是生来好动的，以游戏为生命的。要知多运动，多强健；多游戏，多快乐；多经验，多学识，多思想。所以做父母的不得不注意小孩子的动作和游戏。第一，做父母的应准备良好的设备使小孩子得到充分的运动；第二，做父母的应寻找适宜的伴侣使小孩子得到优美的影响。有此二者，小孩子的身体就容易强健，心境就常常快乐，知识就容易增进，思想就容易启发。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　二、小孩子好模仿的</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>小孩子未到一岁大的时候，就能模仿简单的声音和动作了。他一听见鸡啼羊叫，也要啼啼看叫叫看；一看见别人洗面刷牙，也要洗洗看刷刷看。到了二岁光景的时候，他能模仿复杂的动作了。倘若他看见他母亲扫地洗衣，他也扫扫洗洗看；倘若他看见他父亲吐痰吃烟，他也要吐吐吃吃看。到了三四岁的时候，他的模仿能力发展得更大了。什么娶亲，什么出殡，他都要模仿了。总而言之，小孩子好模仿的，家中人之举动言语他大概要模仿的。若家中人之举动文雅，他的举动大概也会文雅的；若家中人之言语粗陋，他的言语大概也是粗陋的。所以做父母的不得不事事谨慎，务使己身堪有作则之价值。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　三、小孩子好奇的</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>小孩子生来好动的，生来好模仿的，也是生来好奇的。五六个月大的婴儿一听见声音就要转头去寻，一看见东西就要伸手去拿。到了四五岁，他的好奇动作格外多了。看见路上的汽车马车来了，他总要停住脚看看；听见外面的锣声鼓声响了，他总要跑出去看看。有一个四岁的小孩子，一日同他的母亲去探望他的小朋友，看见他小朋友的家里有许多蜜蜂，他拿了一根棒头把蜂巢敲敲看，不料一敲蜜蜂出来刺他了。又有一个五岁的小孩子，天天把园里所种的红萝卜掘起来，看他怎样生长的。又有一个小孩子把一只钟拆得粉粉碎，要看看这个钟究竟为什么会响的。小孩子不但有这样的动作，也发种种问句。他常要问你“这是什么东西，那是什么东西；这个东西从哪里来的，那个东西怎样做的；这个东西为什么是这样的”。他看见不懂的东西，就要来问你。这些问句也是一种好奇的表现。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>现在我们要问这种好奇的动作究竟有什么用处呢</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>?</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>柏拉图说：“好奇者，知识之门。”这句话是很对的。若小孩子不好奇，那就不去与事物相接触了；不与事物相接触，那他不能明了事物的性质和状况了。倘使他看见了冰，不好奇，不去玩弄，那他恐不会知道冰是冷的。倘使他听见了外面路上的汽车声，不跑出去看看，那他恐不会晓得汽车是什么东西。所以好奇动作是小孩子得着知识一个最紧要的门径。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　四、小孩子喜欢成功的</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>小孩子固然喜欢动作，但更是喜欢动作有成就的。比如一个二岁光景的小孩子在沙箱里玩沙。他尽管把沙一</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> </span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>把一把地捞进罐头里去，捞满了把沙倒出来；又再一把一把地捞进去，捞满了又倒出来；这种动作从表面一看没有什么成就，仔细考察起来，一把一把的捞进罐里去固是一种动作，但罐头装满了，就是动作的成功。小孩子虽喜欢捞沙的动作，也喜欢捞沙成功呢。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>一鸣有一天将大小木块，搬到天井里去，用了许多力气，费了许多时间，方才搭成一座小小房子的样子。他搭好之后，很高兴地跑过来对我说：“爸爸你来看我搭的一座房子。”我见了这座似是而非的房子，也非常欢喜，就极力的称赞他，而且叫他再去搭。他玩了木块以后，又跑到书房里去，用粉笔在黑板上画了一只动物。他画了以后，又对我说：“象。这是尾巴，头，耳朵，眼睛，嘴巴，鼻头。”我回头一看，果然不错，就连说“好，好”。从以上两个例子看来，小孩子很喜欢做事情的，而且很喜欢其成功的，因为事情成功，一方面固然自己很有趣的，但是还有一方面可以得到父母或教师的赞许。这种心理是很好的，我们做父母或教师的应当利用这种心理去鼓励他做各种事情。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>不过叫小孩子做的事情不要太难；若太难，就不能有所成就，若没有成就，小孩子或者要灰心而下次不肯再做了。反而言之，若所做的不甚难，小孩子能够胜任而有成就的；一有成就，就很高兴，就有自信力；所成就者愈多，自信力也愈大；自信力愈大，事情就愈容易成功。因此自信力与成功就互相为用的了。做父母的对于这一点也应特别注意的。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　五、小孩子喜欢野外生活的</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>大多数小孩子都喜欢野外生活。到门外去就欢喜，终日在家里就不十分高兴，有许多小孩子哭的原因虽则不一，但是不能到外边去看看玩玩，也是一种大原因。做父母的不揣摩他的原因，只一味地去说他去骂他，那真正冤枉极了。一鸣有一天，坐在摇篮哭个不了，他母亲给他东西吃，他不吃，给他东西玩，他也不玩。后来我就抱他到门外去玩玩，他一到门外就不哭了。他仰起来看看天的颜色，低下头去看看草木的样子，看看飞禽走兽的形状，歇了一歇，他就笑逐颜开了。又有一天，天已晚了，街上已经没有人了，他还不肯回家，不但一鸣是如此喜欢到外边去的，普通儿童大概都是如此的。现在我家里办了一个幼稚园。凡天气睛和的时候，我们就带幼稚生到外边去游玩。他们在旷野里跑来跑去，看见野花就采采，看见池塘就抛石子入水以取乐。这种郊游对于小孩的身体、知识、行为都有很好影响的。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>不过小孩子的野外生活须以小孩子的年龄为断。如年龄较小的儿童，我们叫他采采花呀，种种树呀，举行短距离的远足会呀。年龄较大的儿童，我们叫他们采集标本，举行旅行等等游戏以增长他们的知识，以强健他们的身体，以愉快他们的精神，使他们无形中得着许多好处。但是由于有许多做父母的总不放心他们的小孩子到外面去，一则恐怕身体疲乏，二则恐怕衣服弄脏，三则恐怕感冒风寒，所以一天到晚，将他们关在屋里，好象囚犯一样。所以这种儿童长大起来，往往身体孱弱、知识缺乏，当年做父母的爱护子女，到了今天适足见其贻害子女了。做教师的不愿多事，且以带领学生到野外游玩为麻烦，所以学生就失去与天然界相接触的一种良好机会。要知学问，不仅仅在书本中求得，也应在自然界获得，什么“动物学”，什么“植物学”，什么“地理”，什么“常识”，大概可以从自然界中学得的。我们在书本中看死的标本，死的山水，不如到野外去看活的动物，采活的草木，玩真的沙石。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>总起来说，小孩子不论年纪大的小的，不论男女的，大都喜欢野外生活，我们做父母或做教师的，虽不能十分注意到此，多少总须领小孩子到野外去玩玩才好。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　六、小孩子喜欢合群的</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>凡人都喜欢群居的，幼小婴儿，离群独居，就要哭喊，二岁时就要与同伴游玩，到了五六岁，这个乐群心更加强了。假设此时没有伴侣游玩，他一定要觉得孤苦不堪了。有时候还要发生想象的伴侣。他同这个想象的伴侣一同游玩，一同起居，一同饮食，那就不致孤苦。但是他的伴侣到底是想象的，他一定要觉得寂寞不堪的。到了十余岁，儿童就欢喜结队成群的游玩了，倘使儿童在这个时候，在家中得不到伴侣，他一定要往外寻求了。我现在举个例以证乐群心的发轫与重要。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>? <o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>(</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>一</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>)</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>我的小孩子一鸣在</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>47</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>天的时候就发生乐群的心理了。在这一天，我抚抚他的下颔，他就对我说“</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>a-ke</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>”。这“</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>a-ke</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>”究作何解，我虽不得而知，但是我们推想他的意思，总是一种快乐的表示，也是一种对于我抚他下颔的反应，也是一种承认他人存在的符号。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>(</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>二</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>)</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>到了</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>3</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>个月的时候，一鸣喜欢别人同他玩讲。若你接近他，他就笑逐颜开呀呀学语了。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>(</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>三</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>)</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>邻人的小孩子，到了五六个月的时候，一定要别人站在他的旁边，倘使别人离开他，他就哭，一看见有人来就不哭了。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>(</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>四</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>)</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>我的友人有一个五岁的女儿，因为孤独的缘故，就常常有一个想象的伴侣同他游玩。后来进了幼稚园之后，这个想象的伴侣就慢慢的消没了。小孩子的好群已如上述。做父母的正可以利用这种好群的心理以教育小孩子。第一，我们要使他得着良好的小朋友；第二，我们应给他驯良的动物如猫、狍、兔子等作他的伴侣；第三，我们再给小娃娃之类以聊解他的寂寞。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　七、小孩子喜欢称赞的</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>二三岁的小孩子就喜欢“听好话”的，喜欢旁人称赞他的。比如今天他穿一件新衣服，就要给他父亲看；着了一双新鞋子，就要给他同伴看。到了四五岁的时候，这种喜欢嘉许的心理还要来得浓厚。假使他不愿意刷牙齿，你可指着一个牙齿洁白而肯刷牙齿的小孩子说：“他的牙齿多好看，多清洁，你若天天刷牙齿，你的牙齿也会象他这样整齐好看呢</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>!</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>”小孩子听了你的话，恐怕就要去刷了。若刷了之后，你可就称赞他说：“呀</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>!</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>你的牙齿是白一点了，好看得多了。”他听了必然觉得非常的高兴，下次洗脸时就喜欢刷牙了。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>一鸣画图，若画得好，我就称赞他几句，鼓励他几句，并且替他在图画上写“很好”的字样，他就显出很快乐的样子。所以以后他常常喜欢画图画的，画了之后，常把图画纸拿了来给我看，并且叫我在纸上写“很好”两个字。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>这种赞许心，我们做父母的教育小孩子时应当利用的，然而不可用得太滥，一滥就失掉它的效用，反不若不用为妙。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>总结：总起来说，小孩子</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>(</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>一</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>)</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>好游戏的。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>(</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>二</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>)</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>好奇的。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>(</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>三</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>)</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>好群的。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>(</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>四</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>)</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>好模仿的。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>(</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>五</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>)</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>喜欢野外生活的。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>(</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>六</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>)</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>喜欢成功的。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>(</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>七</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>)</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>喜欢别人赞许他的。这几点儿童的心理，不过是荦荦大者而已；至于不甚紧要的，略而不述了。即从上面所说的几点看来，我们教小孩子必须先要了解小孩子的心理。若能依据小孩子的心理而施行教育，那教育必有良好效果的。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>一、父母、老师指导幼儿阅读应有的观念：</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>1</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>、把阅读看作成长的延续</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>--</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>在终身教育的理念下，阅读陪伴人类终身。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>2</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>、个别差异使得幼儿有不同的阅读能力</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>--</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>为幼儿准备多种读物，以游戏方式，玩具性质，鼓励幼儿自由的去阅读书籍。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>3</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>、家庭、学校、社会对幼儿的学习都有责任</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>--</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>阅读帮助幼儿学习，阅读增加知识。知识的来源是靠阅读，所以家庭、学校、社会到处都有阅读的机会，也说明了父母、老师、社会人士，人人都有指导幼儿阅读的责任。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>4</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>、阅读的能力和技巧是可以改变的</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>--</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>随着时代的进步，有声图书、视听媒体的多元化，无形中增进幼儿的阅读兴趣及能力，颇值得宣传推广。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　二、幼儿应该在什么年龄开始阅读</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　幼儿阅读和幼儿的语言发展有密切的关系，幼儿的语言表达能力，可作为发觉幼儿有无阅读能力的标志。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>1</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>、三个月婴儿开始牙牙学语</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>--</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>发音游戏。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>2</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>、十一个月婴儿可以把握所有语言的基本因素。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>3</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>、两岁时会使用包含名词和动词两个字的句子。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>4</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>、三岁时的幼儿说的句子可达十一个字。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>5</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>、四岁是幼儿的好问期。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　幼儿了解事物的能力，先于语言的表达，但语言的表达帮助幼儿阅读能力的培养。一岁半的幼儿可由图形的认识，表达其认知能力，由於幼儿身心发展的差异，阅读能力也有显著的差异。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　幼儿阅读主要根据幼儿心智成熟程度，因此选择幼儿阅读的教材，是指导者重要的工作。当然阅读需用视力，为了不伤及幼儿视力，激发幼儿兴趣，托儿所、幼稚园及家长指导幼儿阅读最迫切的工作，为选择优良读物，装置足够的灯光，购置高低适度的桌椅，提供适合於幼儿学习的环境，如采光、温度等。除此以外，最重要的是耐心的接纳孩子，轻声细语的分析问题。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　三、如何指导幼儿阅读</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>1</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>、提供幼儿一个丰富图书设备及多元刺激的环境，尽力鼓励幼儿参与活动。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>2</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>、鼓励并养成幼儿喜欢故事、欣赏故事、儿歌和音乐的兴趣。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>3</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>、鼓励幼儿将书当“玩具”去玩，视“书”为好朋友的观念。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>4</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>、用幼儿喜欢“读书”的好胜欲望，老师和家长态度一致的进行阅读指导。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>5</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>、勿强迫学龄前幼儿阅读，尤其避免形式、死的、阅读背诵，多利用机会教育进行说话教学。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>6</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>、鼓励幼儿对图书有兴趣、有兴趣才肯安静阅读。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>7</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>、制作认知教具，帮助并启发幼儿阅读能力。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>8</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>、父母及教师多带幼儿到图书馆，或文化中心，诱导幼儿喜爱阅读的环境。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>9</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>、父母及教师多念故事书给幼儿听，是养成阅读能力的基础工作。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>10</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>、帮助并鼓励幼儿复述听过的故事或儿歌，是增进幼儿语言的最佳方式。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　四、鼓励幼儿阅读替代写字</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　幼稚园虽然没有固定读本供幼儿学习，但是幼儿对其生活环境中的一事一物，常以热烈的求知欲望，不断的加以穷究、发问，以好奇的心情，发现疑难问题之所在，因而获得较满足的解答。托儿所、幼稚园教师应把握幼儿好奇、好问的本能，利用谈话、说故事、阅读故事、练习儿歌、教唱歌曲、解答问题等方式，随时增进幼儿语言能力。在幼儿身心尚未成熟的阶段，为了幼儿身心健全发展，何不利用阅读的互动学习方式替代幼儿写字教学。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>哈佛大学心理学教授霍华德·加德纳经过长期研究后发表了著名的多元智力（</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>MI</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>）理论，对智商的单向智力理论提出挑战，引起教育界的关注。加德纳教授明确指出，人类具有语言智力、音乐智力、逻辑数理智力、空间智力、身体运动智力、内省智力和人际智力七种智力。他认为，通常人们并非一种而是几种智力在相互作用，并将此喻为“智力演奏音乐会”。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>在七种智力中，他将语言智力列为第一种智力，是因为“语言是最广泛最公平在人类中得到分享的一种智力。”语言智力是读、写和言语交流的能力，在人类社会中有四个方面作用，一是口头运用，即说服别的个体而使之从事某项行为的能力；二是记忆潜能，帮助记忆信息；三是解释功能，用口头或书面语言陈述、说明、解释；四是解释自己活动的功能。一个人如果不能很好地掌握语言的音韵、句法、语义、实效四要素，并加以运用，他在世界上便不可能获得成功。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　那么，如何开发幼儿的语言智力呢？根据儿童学习语言的特点和规律，心理，教育学家们有以下建议：</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　（一）保持幼儿对语言的好奇</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　语言智力高的人有一个突出的特征：对语言的好奇心，他们喜欢语言表现出极好的语感和对语言的鉴赏力。而事实上，出生几个月的婴儿就对语言刺激十分敏感，当亲人对他说话时，会以微笑、手脚活动等作出积极反应。语言智力高的幼儿表现出对语音、节奏、语调反应灵敏；爱涂鸦；喜欢听、读、说故事；说话清晰有条理。家长若对这些语言智力品质给予关注和引导，并及时鼓励和强化，便能使幼儿保持对语言的好奇和敏感。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　（二）语言智力开发越早越好</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　一个出生时只会啼哭的新生儿，为什么在短短的两三年内学会了母语，掌握了结构如此复杂而严密的语言？可见语言作为一种智力与潜能，越早开发越好。胎教工作者甚至主张在怀孕五个月听觉出现时就与胎儿说话，呼唤他的名字。而早期教育工作者建议从婴儿出生第一天起，就将语言交流融合于生活照料中，如喂奶时讲“宝宝饿了，要吃奶了”，洗澡时讲“这是宝宝的手、腿、身体┉”虽然这似乎是“对牛弹琴”，却有重要的潜在作用。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>3-5</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>个月婴儿，“交谈”时让他作出口部模仿及出声反应。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>8-9 </span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>个月开始伊呀学语时，成人要作出积极回应，如当他指着玩具发声时，父母就可说：“宝宝要花皮球玩！”用语言说出他的需要。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>1</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>岁时，要不断鼓励他说出单词、电报式语词，并逐渐要求说出简单句、复杂句直到完整语言。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　婴儿期是口语发展的关键期，从单词句（</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>15-20</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>个月）到双词句（</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>18-24</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>个月）到简单句及语法掌握（</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>2-3</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>岁）的语言发展过程，一刻也离不开成人的引导，因为在没有语声的环境里绝不可能发展语言智力。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　（三）创设发展语言智力的环境</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　婴幼儿的语言环境是成人和婴幼儿共同构成的相互交流情境，成人对婴幼儿语言智力发展的关注和婴幼儿自身言语活动的自发倾向创造了一个动态的、婴幼儿自己也参与其中的环境。理想的发展语言的家庭环境包括：</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>1</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>．摆放幼儿兴趣的玩具、物品和材料，让他们边探索边学习说出它们的名称和功能。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>2</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>．带幼儿走出家门去商店、动物园、公园，从多种场合观察，体验，丰富和充实其经验，增加学习和表达的愿望。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>100</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>多年前，伟大的科学家，进化论的创始人达尔文的家中来了一位客人，她是专门来请教达尔文先生，什么时候开始培养孩子最好。达尔文问客人：“您的孩子多大了</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>?</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>”客人答道：“才两岁半。”达尔文不无惋惜地说：“夫人，您已经迟了，迟了两年半。”</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>科学研究表明，要开发孩子的智力，</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>3</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>岁以内是黄金时期。美国人类潜能开发专家葛兰·道门教授认为，每个正常的婴儿，出生时都具有像莎士比亚、莫扎特、爱迪生、爱因斯坦那样的潜能，聪明和愚笨同是环境的产物。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>无数事实说明，对孩子来说，能否成才并不在于孩子的天赋如何，而是取决于对</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>0</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>至</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>6</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>岁的孩子早期教育的方法如何。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>19</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>世纪初，德国教育家卡尔·威特的儿子小威特先天不足，于是，威特针对小威特的情况制定了一套教育计划，以培养孩子对事物的兴趣和求知欲望。结果令人惊叹：小威特</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>8</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>岁时已能自己运用德、法等</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>6</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>种语言，通晓物理、化学，尤其擅长数学；</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>9</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>岁考入大学，</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>14</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>岁获哲学博士学位，两年后又获法学博士学位，成为柏林大学法学教授。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>既然普通孩子经过早期教育能够成才，那么，为什么有的家庭费了九牛二虎之力，却见不到有什么成效呢</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;>?</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>问题在于家长是不是运用了科学的教育方法。家长应根据自己孩子的特点因材施教，总体上要把握的几个原则是：</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　●培养兴趣不强迫从一出生，孩子就是一个对环境有着浓厚兴趣的积极探索者，他求知欲旺盛，对任何事物都要问个为什么。培养孩子对各种事物的兴趣是早期智力开发的一个重要方面。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　●循序渐进而不冒进画画时经常用到“渐变色”这个概念，即从一种颜色过渡到另一种颜色，中间是渐变的色彩。对孩子的早期教育，要利用这种方法。教给孩子的知识应由浅入深，教育的方法要由易到难。孩子的时间充裕，在进行基本知识和基本技能训练时，要稳扎稳打，不要急于求成。</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: times new roman&quot;> <span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; font-family: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;&quot;>　　●顺应发展不强求对万事万物的生长、发展和变化，儿童总是表现出积极的求知欲望。这种欲望一旦被点燃，即与对象之间发生了</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>]]></description>
<pubDate>Wes, 17 Sep 2008 15:25:28 +0800</pubDate>
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<title>小学的学习和幼儿园的不同</title>
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<div align=&quot;center&quot;><font style=&quot;line-height: 30px&quot; color=&quot;#0099ff&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;>小学的学习和幼儿园的不同</font></div></td></tr></tbody></table>
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		  --><font style=&quot;font-size: 14px&quot;>　　调查表明，初人小学的儿童，普遍嫌上课时间太长、<a class=qs_highlight1 id=&quot;hl_2&quot; onmouseover=window.clearTimeout(_ht[2]);qs_show_frame(event,this,2); style=&quot;font-size: 1em&quot; onmouseout=&quot;_on_div[2]=false;_ht[2]=window.setTimeout(&apos;qs_is_on_div(2)&apos;,1000);&quot; href=&quot;javascript:void(0)&quot;>游戏</a>活动时间太短；读写作业偏多，普遍有眼睛酸、手酸、颈项酸的感觉；睡眠不足，食欲不振，体重下降；心理压力大，精神负担重。有些小学生怀念幼儿园生活，产生怕学、厌学情绪。这种不适应是由孩子身心发展的规律决定的，是由幼儿园和小学，家庭和小学的生活环境、教育环境及学习内容、方法等的差异造成的。因此，家长首先要了解小学和幼儿园的不同，在这个基础上作出应对措施。<br /><br />　　<strong>从幼儿园到小学如要发生如下变化：</strong>&nbsp;&nbsp; <br /><br /><strong>　　一是主导活动的变化。<br /></strong><br />　　入学前，儿童的主导活动是玩，他们常常做游戏，没有任何学习上的压力；入学后主导活动是学，他们的心理发展起了重大变化，游戏不能完全满足他们的需要，学习成了最适合儿童心理发展特点的活动。具体来说，就是教学时间和休息时间的差异。小学教学时间的增幅与休息时间的减幅过大。从教学时间上看，幼儿园大班末期集体活动的时间，每天2—3次，每次在25—30分钟；而小学每天便安排5-6节课，且每节课40分钟，教学时间净增加两倍以上。从休息时间上看，幼儿园集体活动与自由活动交替进行，而小学课间只有10分钟休息，儿童室外活动量明显减少。入学后，&nbsp;睡眠时间也受到压缩，小学生中午不再有午睡的时间。这些“时间差”的突然出现，自然使年幼的儿童在生理上、心理上都难以承受。<br /><br /><strong>　　二是社会角色的变化。</strong><br /><br />　　学龄前儿童是贪玩的，是寸步不离地被成人照看的孩子；一入学就不同了，他们是集体的<a class=qs_highlight1 id=&quot;hl_3&quot; onmouseover=window.clearTimeout(_ht[3]);qs_show_frame(event,this,3); style=&quot;font-size: 1em&quot; onclick=&quot;_write_cookie(&apos;click1342&apos;,3);&quot; onmouseout=&quot;_on_div[3]=false;_ht[3]=window.setTimeout(&apos;qs_is_on_div(3)&apos;,1000);&quot; href=&quot;http://clk.qunsee.com/click/click.php?cpid=&quot;7480&quot;&amp;ads_id=&quot;1342&quot;&amp;pid=&quot;99003006&quot;&amp;cid=&quot;3016&quot;&amp;url=http%3A//www.158le.com/%3Ftc%3D100568&amp;k=%u6B63%u5F0F&amp;s=http%3A//www.910cn.cn/aajz/6506/6547/183171.shtml&amp;rn=310837&amp;v=1&amp;ref=http%3A//www.910cn.cn/aajz/index_lb_hlyjq.asp%3Fformid%3D6547%26page%3D2&amp;province=%u5C71%u897F&amp;city=%u592A%u539F&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;>正式</a>成员，必须严格遵守学校和班级的一切纪律，如按时上学、认真完成作业等，学生不仅要对自己负责，还要为学校和班级争取荣誉。所以，一年级小学生看到自己角色的转变又高兴又自豪，家长要十分关注孩子这一心理发展，对“入学”给予高度重视。　　&nbsp; <br /><br /><strong>　　三是人际关系的变化。</strong><br /><br />　　儿童入学前与家庭成员的依附关系密切，一举一动都是成人指点；入学以后，儿童每天都要离开家长在学校独立生活，这将进一步促进儿童从依附向开始独立生活转化。他们的交往圈子，不再是家庭内有限的几个成员。<br /><br />　　家长应充分<a class=qs_highlight1 id=&quot;hl_4&quot; onmouseover=window.clearTimeout(_ht[4]);qs_show_frame(event,this,4); style=&quot;font-size: 1em&quot; onclick=&quot;_write_cookie(&apos;click1340&apos;,4);&quot; onmouseout=&quot;_on_div[4]=false;_ht[4]=window.setTimeout(&apos;qs_is_on_div(4)&apos;,1000);&quot; href=&quot;http://clk.qunsee.com/click/click.php?cpid=&quot;7480&quot;&amp;ads_id=&quot;1340&quot;&amp;pid=&quot;99003006&quot;&amp;cid=&quot;3016&quot;&amp;url=http%3A//www.158le.com/%3Ftc%3D100568&amp;k=%u8BA4%u8BC6&amp;s=http%3A//www.910cn.cn/aajz/6506/6547/183171.shtml&amp;rn=412620&amp;v=1&amp;ref=http%3A//www.910cn.cn/aajz/index_lb_hlyjq.asp%3Fformid%3D6547%26page%3D2&amp;province=%u5C71%u897F&amp;city=%u592A%u539F&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;>认识</a>小学生与幼儿园在学习方法、内容、时间等方面的差异，采取积极的态度和科学的教育方法，在孩子人小学前后的一段时间内，帮助孩子减少不适应症，做好<a class=qs_highlight1 id=&quot;hl_1&quot; onmouseover=window.clearTimeout(_ht[1]);qs_show_frame(event,this,1); style=&quot;font-size: 1em&quot; onclick=&quot;_write_cookie(&apos;click1374&apos;,1);&quot; onmouseout=&quot;_on_div[1]=false;_ht[1]=window.setTimeout(&apos;qs_is_on_div(1)&apos;,1000);&quot; href=&quot;http://clk.qunsee.com/click/click.php?cpid=&quot;7672&quot;&amp;ads_id=&quot;1374&quot;&amp;pid=&quot;99003006&quot;&amp;cid=&quot;3016&quot;&amp;url=http%3A//funds.hexun.com/upload/txjjdyhdzq/Default.html&amp;k=%u5FC5%u8981&amp;s=http%3A//www.910cn.cn/aajz/6506/6547/183171.shtml&amp;rn=341084&amp;v=1&amp;ref=http%3A//www.910cn.cn/aajz/index_lb_hlyjq.asp%3Fformid%3D6547%26page%3D2&amp;province=%u5C71%u897F&amp;city=%u592A%u539F&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;>必要</a>的入学准备，尽快适应学校的学习生活，顺利完成从幼儿园到小学的过渡。<br /><br /></font>（责任编辑：陈小飞）
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<pubDate>Wes, 17 Sep 2008 15:18:42 +0800</pubDate>
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<item>
<title>小学数学案例与反思</title>
<link>http://bbs.61bay.com/v0-1-343126.htm</link>
<description><![CDATA[<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><b><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>教学目标：</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><?xml:namespace prefix = o ns = &quot;urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office&quot; /><o:p></o:p></span></b></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>1</font></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>、知识与技能：感知平移和旋转的现象。能在方格纸上画出一个简单图形沿水平方向或竖直方向平移后的图形。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>2</font></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>、过程与方法：能通过比较平较平移前后两个对应部分之间的距离的方法来研究一个图形平移的距离。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>3</font></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>、情感、态度和价值观：感受数学和日常生活之间的紧密联系，培养用数学地眼光去看问题。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>教学重点：</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.85pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 1.82&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>能通过比较平移前后两个对应部分之间的距离的方法来研究一个图形平移的距离。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>教学难点：</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>1</font></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>、对平移的切实感知。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 24pt; line-height: 140%; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-char-indent-count: 2.0&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 140%; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>2</font></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 140%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>、能在方格纸上画出一个简单图形沿水平方向或竖直方向平移后的图形。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; line-height: 140%; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>教学准备：</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>课件、作业纸、小纸船。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>教学过程：</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>一、导入新课</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; word-break: break-all; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial&quot;>同学们，你们去过游乐园吗？你都玩过哪些项目？给大家说说你是怎么玩的？</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: arial; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>二、初步感知</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>1</font></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>、看一看，说一说（从学生生活经验出发，初步感知平移和旋转的实例）。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>⑴出示主题图，说说这些项目都是怎么玩的。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>⑵看图注意是怎样运动变化的，是怎么运动的，用手势比划比划。请孩子们跟随活动的画面用自己的动作把看到的表演出来。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>⑶你能用简单的图把它们是怎么运动的画出来吗？</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>2</font></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>、分一分（初步感知平移和旋转的特性）</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>（</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>1</font></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>）以上这些运动方式相同吗？请同学们根据它们的运动方式给它们分分类？并说说你为什么要这样分？</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>（</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>2</font></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>）学生回答，师总结：</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>像火车、缆车、滑梯等物体的运动，我们把它叫做平移，（板书：平移）。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>像摩天轮、转椅、风车等物体的运动，我们把它叫“旋转”（板书：旋转）。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>板书：</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>火车</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;><span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </span><span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></font></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>摩天轮</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>滑梯</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>风车</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>缆车</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>转椅</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>平移</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>旋转</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>3</font></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>、辨一辨。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>（课件显示）下面物体的运动，哪些是平移？哪些是旋转？</span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;> </font></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>（用手势表示）</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 36.85pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 3.07&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>小猴玩风车</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>窗户</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 36.85pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 3.07&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>升降机</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>直升飞机螺旋浆转动</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>4</font></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>、先闭上眼睛静静地想一想什么是平移，什么是旋转，然后让他们站起来用自己的动作表现出来。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 27.7pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.31&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>现在你能根据你的理解说说什么是平移，什么是旋转？</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>5</font></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>、说一说。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>&nbsp;</font></span></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>在我们生活中，经常有平移和旋转的运动现象，请举例说明。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>&nbsp;&nbsp; </font></span></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>生举例：如蛇螺，理发店门前的标志等。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 3.0&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>火车，自行车等运动较复杂，要注意引导学生讨论。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 21.75pt; line-height: 21pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>小结：平移和旋转在生活中随处可见。今天我们先来研究平移。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; line-height: 20pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: 宋体; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>三、认识平移距离</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-font-family: 黑体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 33.75pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: -12pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: -1.0; mso-para-margin-left: 2.07gd&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>1</font></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>、导入：（小方格纸背景和课件出示一只小船示意图）</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 17.95pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 26.15pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>小鸟们玩过了就一起回家，在一片水平如镜的湖面上行驶看一条小船，船头停看一只红鸟（显示一个点和红鸟）船尾有停着一只绿鸟（显示一个点和绿鸟），开动小船（演示小船移动），它在做什么运动？（平移运动）</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; line-height: 20pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 17.95pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 26.15pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 17.95pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 26.15pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 17.95pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 26.15pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 17.95pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 26.15pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 17.95pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 26.15pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 2.18; mso-para-margin-left: 1.71gd&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><?xml:namespace prefix = v ns = &quot;urn:schemas-microsoft-com:vml&quot; /><v:shapetype id=&quot;_x0000_t202&quot; path=&quot;m,l,21600r21600,l21600,xe&quot; o:spt=&quot;202&quot; coordsize=&quot;21600&quot;,21600&quot;><v:stroke joinstyle=&quot;miter&quot;></v:stroke><v:path o:connecttype=&quot;rect&quot; gradientshapeok=&quot;t&quot;></v:path></v:shapetype><v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: -490pt; z-index: 1; left: 0px; margin-left: -140pt; width: 50pt; text-indent: 0px; position: absolute; height: 50pt; text-align: left&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t202&quot;></v:shape><span style=&quot;z-index: 1; left: 0pt; position: absolute; mso-ignore: vglayout&quot;>
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<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt&quot;><span lang=EN-US><o:p><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot; size=&quot;3&quot;>&nbsp;</font></o:p></span></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p>&nbsp;</o:p></span></div><br />
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 33.75pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: -12pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: -1.0; mso-para-margin-left: 2.07gd&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>2</font></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>、设疑。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 32.25pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 12pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 1.0; mso-para-margin-left: 3.07gd&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>⑴这条船向哪个方向平移了几格呢？</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 23.95pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: 18pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: 1.5; mso-para-margin-left: 2.28gd&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>⑵船停下来，两只小鸟也发生了激烈的争吵，红鸟说：“我停在船头经过的距离是长一点”。绿鸟说：“不对，不对，我停在船尾，经过的距离长一点。”同学们，请你们评评理，究竟谁经过的距离长一点。</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 33.75pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: -12pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: -1.0; mso-para-margin-left: 2.07gd&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; mso-font-kerning: 0pt&quot;><font face=&quot;Times New Roman&quot;>3</font></span><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: &quot;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-hansi-font-family: &apos;Times New Roman&apos;; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;>、生讨论并反馈。（学生可能的想法）</span><span lang=EN-US style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: 宋体&quot;><o:p></o:p></span></div>
<div class=MsoNormal style=&quot;margin: 0cm 0cm 0pt 33.75pt; layout-grid-mode: char; word-break: break-all; text-indent: -12pt; line-height: 20pt; text-align: left; mso-pagination: widow-orphan; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-char-indent-count: -1.0; mso-para-margin-left: 2.07gd&quot; align=&quot;left&quot;><span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; color: black; font-family: 宋体; mso-font-kerning: 0pt; mso-ascii-font-famil